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Horrocks loom
William Horrocks, a cotton manufacturer of Stockport built an early power loom in 1803, based on the principles of Cartwright but including some significant improvements to cloth take up and in 1813 battening.
==Power looms==
Edmund Cartwright bought and patented a power loom in 1785, and it was this that was adopted by the nascent cotton industry in England. The silk loom made by Jacques Vaucanson in 1745 operated on the same principles but wasn't developed further. The invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay was critical to the development of a commercially successful power loom. Cartwright's loom was impractical but the ideas behind it were developed by numerous inventors in the Manchester area of England.
Cartwright's loom was little used; he established a powerloom factory at Doncaster in 1787 which closed after few years. Grimshaw's factory at Manchester, open in 1790 which contained twenty four Cartwright looms this was burnt down by protesting hand loom weavers. It is speculated that Cartwrights failure was due to it having a wooded frame, being of crude construction, Cartwright's inexperience in business and the lack of an adequate method to prepare the warp.
The warp threads need to be strengthened by appying a wet size (a process called dressing) and then wound onto a beam or roller that fitted on the back of the loom (a process called warping or beaming). These processes were time consuming, if dressing took place on the loom, the loom had to remain idle till the threads dried thus the economics of weaving still favoured the hardloom weaver. It was William Radcliffe, also of Stockport who introduced the dressing frame in 1803.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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